基于三种方法的绕扭曲水翼空蚀风险数值预报研究

 
 
引用格式:Lei, Tt., Cheng, Hy., Ji, B. et al. Numerical assessment of the erosion risk for cavitating twisted hydrofoil by three methods. J Hydrodyn 33, 698-711 (2021).
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本篇论文主要通过数值模拟的方法对典型的三种空蚀评估方法在Delft扭曲水翼周围的空化流动中的适用性进行了详细的对比研究,并较为系统地分析了它们各自的优缺点。绕水翼空化流数值模拟过程中,采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合Zwart空化模型进行计算,正如文中所述,数值结果与实验结果吻合较好,可用于后续的空蚀研究分析。文中所提及的三种空蚀评估方法中,针对强度函数法(IFM)而言,对人为选定的最佳阈值的选取情况极其敏感,然而由于在水利机械材料的冶金特性方面缺乏足够的了解,难以确定合适的最佳阈值,往往会导致极大地限制了该方法在实际工程中的应用。并且由时均空蚀指标(TAIs)所预测出的水翼表面空蚀的全局分布与实验结果并不完全一致,空蚀预测精度相对较低。而相比于其他的两种方法,灰度值法(GLM)不仅对于阈值的敏感程度明显减小,更重要的是与实验空蚀结果更为相近。为了进一步提高GLM对于扭曲水翼表面空蚀风险预测的精确性,在对模拟数据进行后处理的过程中,通过采用时均压力场代替瞬时压力场的方法进行空蚀区域预测计算,结果指出改进的灰度值法对于空蚀风险评估的能力得到了提高。

原始及修正后GLM方法预报得到的空蚀风险分布

通讯作者简介

季斌,教授,博士生导师,《水动力学研究与进展》编委,致力于水力机械和推进器空化水动力学相关的流动机理及工程应用研究,尤其是在水面船舰运行、水下航行体推进等领域中涡空化水动力学的流动机理及控制方法方面积累了丰富的经验,取得一系列重要研究成果。以第一作者或通讯作者身份在Journal of Fluids EngineeringInternational Journal of Multiphase FlowExperiments in FluidsOcean Engineering等国际期刊上发表SCI检索论文50余篇,其中6篇入选ESI高被引用论文,1篇论文被评为“2015年中国百篇最具影响国际学术论文”;出版学术专著1部;曾荣获高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖等奖项。

第一作者简介

本文的第一作者是武汉大学水利水电学院硕士研究生雷婷婷(Ting-ting Lei)。雷婷婷于2019年进入武汉大学水利水电学院攻读硕士学位,从事研究水力机械空蚀领域相关的科研工作。

 

植被化河道水动力与泥沙输移研究综述

河流是自然界物质循环、能量和信息传输的重要通道、河流的健康发展是一切文明兴盛繁荣的根基。水生植被作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分,具有减缓水流冲刷、保持物种多样性、维持生态廊道、净化水体等多种生态功能。近年来,人工种植的水生植被被作为一种新型的生态调控措施广泛应用于城市河道治理、岸滩防护、生态修复等工程中。水生植被与水流及泥沙之间相互作用机理的研究对河流生态保护具有重要意义,为此成为环境及生态水力学领域的一个热点主题。

 
图1 水生植被
 

本期,我们推荐武汉大学槐文信教授团队与杜克大学Gabriel G. Katul教授于近期在Journal of Hydrodynamics(第33卷第3期)发表的关于“植被化河道中的水动力与泥沙输移特征”的综述文章。
Flow dynamics and sediment transport in vegetated rivers: A review
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-021-0043-7
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编辑导读

 

该文从水生植被作用下的水流结构、床沙起动特征、悬移质与推移质输沙规律,河道形态演变等方面,从实验室尺度到天然河道尺度,翔实地梳理了近年来学界在水生植被作用下的水流结构与泥沙输移问题研究上的进展。

1. 植被化河道的水动力特征

根据水生植被在水生环境中的存在形式,通常可分为挺水植被、淹没植被和漂浮植被。考虑到天然植被几何形态的复杂性,水生植被常被概化成具有均匀直径的刚性圆柱阵列。与无水生植被的明渠流相比,水生植被的存在会显著增大流动阻力。现有研究表明,植被阻力系数的大小受植被密度和茎秆雷诺数影响,其与植被密度成正相关,而与茎秆雷诺数成负相关,且在茎秆雷诺数大于300时,阻力系数数值保持在1左右。对于河段尺度,水生植被所产生的阻力主要与植被群落尺寸和河道宽度之间的比值有关,植被植株几何形态的影响则很小。

对于不同形式水生植被作用下的明渠流动,由于植被阻力作用的空间差异性,其具有不同的水动力特征。文章从三个方面对不同形式植被作用下的水流特征研究作了总结:挺水植被作用下的时均流速和紊动能的垂向分布规律;含淹没和漂浮植被明渠中的植被混合层及紊流尺度;有限植被斑块的尾流特征及其与植被斑块几何参数之间的关系。

 
图2 挺水植被中的流动
 

2. 水生植被作用下的泥沙起动

泥沙的起动规律研究对河道输沙估算和防冲设计至关重要,是河流工程中必须要解决的问题。水生植被的存在使得流场具有很强的空间异质性,对泥沙的起动产生了极其复杂的影响。一方面植被使河道流速减缓、河床切应力减小,从而抑制床沙的运动;另一方面植被茎秆下游的卡门尾涡会导致附加的紊动能产生,增强水流紊动强度,有利于泥沙起动。这使得广泛适用于不含植被明渠的以河床切应力作为控制参数的泥沙起动判别条件无法在植被化明渠中发挥作用。对于植被化河道中泥沙起动的实验研究表明,用临界流速来作为泥沙的起动条件更为合理有效。文章首次对挺水植被和淹没植被影响下的泥沙起动临界流速预测模型进行了总结,包括经验模型和半经验模型,并归纳出不同模型的适用范围。

 
图3植被阻力参数对泥沙起动临界流速的影响
 

3. 植被化河道中的泥沙输移

河道中的泥沙运动形式可分为推移质和悬移质。对于悬移质,输沙率估算的关键在于悬沙浓度的确定。当前对悬沙浓度的研究多基于扩散理论,用泥沙扩散系数来表征水流紊动对悬沙输运的影响。与无植被河道相比,在植被化河道中泥沙扩散系数受植被几何特征等众多因素影响。对于推移质输沙率的估算,现有研究主要基于床面切应力理论和紊动能理论。文章分别对模型植被作用下的悬移质和推移质输沙实验研究进行了回顾,总结了典型的悬沙浓度与泥沙扩散系数垂线分布模型和推移质输沙率公式,并指出不同预测模型的主要优缺点。

 
图4 植被化流动中的泥沙输运
 

4. 泥沙沉积和冲刷特征

河道中泥沙的沉积和冲刷直接影响水生植被的演化过程。植被化河道中,泥沙的沉积和冲刷形态在空间上具有不均匀性。对于含淹没植被的河道,在植被斑块前缘发生冲刷,而在植被区内部及尾部,大量泥沙沉积并形成沙丘。实验研究表明,泥沙沉积形态受水流流速、植被密度、植被刚度,植被分布模式等因素影响。文章总结了不同形式植被作用下的泥沙沉积形态和沉积模式,总体而言,刚性挺水植被由于促淤效果明显,有利于植被斑块扩张;而淹没柔性植被促淤效果较弱,甚至可能发生冲刷,不利于植被的生长。

 
 
图5 植被区内的泥沙冲淤形态
 

5. 植被生长与河道演变的相互作用

河流生态系统中,河流的水动力、河床、岸坡特性影响着植被的分布和演化。同时,植被的生长和演化发展对河流水动力特性、局部河床形态有调整作用。二者之间的相互作用机理十分复杂,目前尚未被完全阐明。如何在时空尺度上对河流形态调整和植被演化生长二者之间进行有效地耦合模拟仍有待进一步研究。本文从三个方面对该问题做了归纳:植被对河道冲淤的调整和植被根系对床质稳定性的增强是影响河道形态演化的关键因素。而河流对植被演化发展的影响主要体现在植被种子输移、植被淹没时长以及植被生长所需营养物质的供给等方面。现有植被生长与河流形态演化动力学模型主要可以分为单向模型和双向耦合模型。同时,近年来有一些仅考虑主要因素的极简模型提出,其可以描述河道与植被相互作用的部分变量之间的定量关系。

6. 文章最后给出几点研究展望

  • 当前研究仍广泛采用刚性圆柱来模化水生植被,不能代表天然真实植被的复杂特征。因此,应采用更贴近天然植被的方式来模化水生植物,为进一步认识天然河道中的物质输运规律提供基础。
  • 现有泥沙输运模型均是经验性或半经验性的,这主要受制于植被区内流速和泥沙浓度同时准确测量的困难。因此,实验测量技术的创新有利于泥沙输运新理论的发展。
  • 如何将基于实验室水槽尺度研究所建立的模型应用于天然河道尺度而不导致严重偏差,需要深入探索二者之间的关系。
  • 复杂地形和水生植被共同作用下的水流结构和泥沙输运亟待进一步研究。
  • 水生植被和河道之间的相互作用需包含水文气象过程和人类活动的影响。
  • 最后,文章指出,对水生植被作用下的水动力特征和泥沙输运的研究是一个多学科的主题,仍是环境及生态水力学的热点研究领域。

作者简介

槐文信,武汉大学水利水电学院二级教授,博士生导师,珞珈杰出学者,国家级有突出贡献中青年专家。主要从事环境流体力学、计算水动力学的研究工作,在污染物扩散输移的基础理论、水环境数学模型、水生植被作用下的水流和泥沙运动特性等方面做过大量的探索性研究,取得一系列重要研究成果。曾获国家科技进步二等奖、湖北省科技进步一等奖、大禹水利科学技术一等奖等奖项。担任Journal of HydrodynamicsJournal of Hydro-environment Research副主编,《水利学报》、《武汉大学学报(工学版)》等期刊编委。

Gabriel G. Katul,杜克大学环境学院杰出教授,土木工程系主任,美国地球物理学会会士,现任Boundary Layer Meteorology副主编。其主要从事自然系统中的紊流研究,侧重建立紊流运动与生物过程之间的联系。

杨中华,武汉大学水利水电学院教授,博士生导师,河流工程系主任,现任IAHR中国分会执行委员、湖北省水力发电工程学会水工水力学专委会副主任委员、Journal of Hydrodynamics编委。曾获大禹水利科技进步一等奖、中国电力科技进步二等奖等奖项。其主要从事环境与生态水力学、计算水动力学等方面的研究。

CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.33 No.3 2021

CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLE

New fluid kinematics
Chaoqun Liu (395)
 

REVIEW ARTICLE

Flow dynamics and sediment transport in vegetated rivers: A review
Wen-xin Huai, Shuolin Li, Gabriel G. Katul, Meng-yang Liu, Zhong-hua Yang(400)
 

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE 4TH CMHL SYMPOSIUM 2021-SECOND PART (GUEST EDITOR DE-CHENG WAN)

URANS simulations for a free-running container ship: Part 1. Turning-circle
Dong-Hwan Kim, Yugo Sanada, Sungtek Park, Hamid Sadat-Hosseini, Frederick Stern (421)
URANS simulations for a free-running container ship: Part 2. Added power
Dong-Hwan Kim, Yugo Sanada, Hamid Sadat-Hosseini, Frederick Stern (448)
An iterative time-marching scheme for the investigation of hydrodynamic interaction between multi-ships during overtaking
Ming-Xin Li, Zhi-Ming Yuan, Longbin Tao (468)

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE LIUTEX FORCE FIELD MODEL (GUEST EDITOR DE-CHENG WAN)

Liutex force field model applied to three-dimensional flows around a circular cylinder at  Re=3 900
Wei-wen Zhao, Chun-hui Ma, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang (479)
Applications of Liutex-based force field models for cavitation simulation
Min-sheng Zhao, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang (488)
Liutex-based centripetal force field model for improving the resistance and wake performances of JBC ship sailing in calm water
Xin-wang Liu, Song-tao Chen, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang(494)
Vortex tuning of a submarine by Liutex force field model
Liu-shuai Cao, Song-tao Chen, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang.(503)

ARTICLES

Vortex-induced vibration response of a circular cylinder surrounded with small rods
Liang-bin Xu, Sheng-ping Liang, Zhong-ming Hu, Zheng-li Liu, Jia-song Wang(510)
Improvement of the SST γ-Reθt transition model for flows along a curved hydrofoil
Chang-liang Ye, Chao-yue Wang, Dan Zi, Yuan Tang, Bart. P. M. van Esch, Fu-jun Wang(520)
Suppression of vortex rope oscillation and pressure vibrations in Francis turbine draft tube using various strategies
Lei Zhu, Rui-zhi Zhang, An Yu, Li Lu, Xian-wu Luo (534)
Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic cavitating flow structures and their corresponding erosion
Amirhossein Mohammadkhani, Mansour Alizadeh (546)
Investigations on vortex structures for undulating fin propulsion using phase-locked digital particle image velocimetry
Ya-qiang Bai, Jun Zhang, Shu-cheng Zhai, Guo-ping Zhang (572)
3-D CFD simulation of transients in multiple pump system with some pumps being stopped
Yue-fei Liu, Jian-xu Zhou, Qiang Guo, Ai-li Shen, Jian Zhang (583)
Resistance of the flow over rough surfaces
Yu Han, Shi-yu Wang, Jian Chen, Shuqing Yang, Liu-chao Qiu, Nadeesha Dharmasiri (593)
Numerical study of nonlinear interactions of bi-chromatic progressive deep- water waves
Jian-jian Xie, Yu-xiang Ma, Guo-hai Dong, Xiao-zhou Ma (602)
Drag reduction and hairpin packets of the turbulent boundary layer over the superhydrophobic-riblets surface
Xin-wei Wang, Zi-ye Fan, Zhan-qi Tang, Nan Jiang (621)
Identifying the turbulent flow developing inside and around the bottom trawl by Electromagnetic Current Velocity Meter approach in the flume tank
Nyatchouba Nsangue Bruno Thierry, Hao Tang, Liu-xiong Xu, Fuxiang Hu, Xinxing You,Micah Adekunle David, Njomoue Pandong Achille (636)
 
 

CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.33 No.2 2021

CONTENTS

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE 4TH CMHL SYMPOSIUM 2021
(GUEST EDITOR DE-CHENG WAN)

Numerical simulation of dam break flow impact on vertical cylinder by cumulant lattice Boltzmann method
Seiya Watanabe, Shintaro Fujisaki, Changhong Hu (185)
A CAD-compatible body-fitted particle generator for arbitrarily complex geometry and its application to wave-structure interaction
Yujie Zhu, Chi Zhang, Yongchuan Yu, Xiangyu Hu (195)
Vortical structures and wakes of a sphere in homogeneous and density stratified fluid
Liu-shuai Cao, Feng-lai Huang, Cheng Liu, De-cheng Wan (207)
Simulation annealing diagnosis algorithm method for optimized forecast of the dynamic response of floating offshore wind turbines
Peng Chen, Lei Song, Jia-hao Chen, Zhiqiang Hu(216)

REVIEW ARTICLE

A review of cavitation in tip-leakage flow and its control
Huai-yu Cheng, Bin Ji, Xin-ping Long, Wen-xin Huai, Mohamed Farhat (226)

ARTICLES

A thermal-hydrodynamic coupling method for simulating the interplay between bubble departure and wall temperature variation in nucleate boiling
Feng Pan, Li-zhong Mu, Ying He, Chao-jie Wang, Shi-xiong Zhou (243)
Application of Omega vortex identification method in cavity buffeting noise
Yang-hui Zhang, Xing-jun Hu, Wei Lan, Yi-chen Liu, Mo Wang, Jing-yu Wang (259)
The research on floe ice force acting on the “Xue Long” icebreaker based on synthetic ice test and virtual mass numerical method
Wei Guo, Qiao-sheng Zhao, Yu-kui Tian, Wan-chao Zhang (271)
Master equation, design equations and runaway speed of the Kaplan turbine
Zh. Zhang (282)
Experimental investigation of the flow-induced motion of a square-section cylinder
Alireza Modir, Amirhossein Mohammadkhani, Hamed Ahani (301)
Numerical investigation of the interactions between a laser-generated bubble and a particle near a solid wall
Jian-yong Yin, Yong-xue Zhang, Jian-jun Zhu, Liang LÜ, Shi-da Li (311)
Numerical examination of wave power absorption by the Edinburgh Duck wave energy converter device
Shu Li, Bin Teng (323)
A volume of fluid simulation of the steady deformation and the drag of a single droplet in a flowing gas
Zhi-bin Wang, Zhong-wei Yang, Lie-jin Guo, Ren-jie Zhao (334)
Numerical studies of the hydrodynamic damping of a vibrating hydrofoil in torsional mode
Yong-shun Zeng, Zhi-feng Yao, Biao Huang, Fu-jun Wang, Qin Wu, Ruo-fu Xiao, Guo-yu Wang (347)
Numerical investigation of the ship propeller load under reversed propulsion condition
Xiang Fan, Jin-jing Tang, Yu-xin Zhang, Hai-su Sun, Yi-qing Gu, Jing-xin Zhang (361)
Sediment bed destabilization by an isolated vortex: an experimental approach
Yann Devaux, Lionel Thomas, Damien Calluaud, Gérard Pineau (370)

LETTERS

Investigation of the sediment transport capacity in vegetated open channel flow
Wen-xin Huai, Xiang Wang, Yakun Guo, Zhao-hua Sun, Zhong-hua Yang (386)
Compound jet generated from an impacted concave dual-layer liquid surface
Xiang-gang Cheng, Xiao-peng Chen(390)
 

CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.33 No.1 2021

CONTENTS

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE PROGRESS IN THE VERIFICATION OF KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR FLOATING STRUCTURES NEAR ISLANDS AND REEFS-FIRST PART (GUEST EDITORS YOU-SHENG WU, JUN DING)

The progress in the verification of key technologies for floating structures near islands and reefs
You-sheng Wu, Jun Ding, Xue-kang Gu, Chun-yan Ji, Xiong-bo Zheng, Guo-ping Zhou, Dao-lin Xu,Li Ma(1)
A direct coupling analysis method and its application to the Scientific Research and Demonstration Platform
Jun Ding, You-sheng Wu, Xin-yun Ni, Qi-bin Wang, Yu-chao Chen, Yong-lin Ye, Xin-yu Zhang,Yu-xiang Ma, Wei-nan Yang(13)
Observation and simulation of wind waves near a typical reef lagoon in South China Sea
Ze Sun, Dao-lin Xu, Xiao-long Liu, Hai-cheng Zhang, Zhi-wen Cai(24)
An application of network modeling method to scientific research and demonstration platform-Connector load analysis
Rui Ding, Du-lei Yan, Hai-cheng Zhang, Ye Lu, Qi-jia Shi, Chao Tian, Jia-le Zhang, Xin-yun Ni,  Dao-lin Xu, You-sheng Wu(33)

ARTICLES

Parametric study of a new HOS-CFD coupling method
Yuan Zhuang, De-cheng Wan(43)
Acoustics of a viscoelastic medium with encapsulated bubbles
Damir A. Gubaidullin, Yuri V. Fedorov(55)
Analysis of dipole noise level characteristics of NACA0015 hydrofoil under different working conditions
An Yu, Yi-fu Wang, Qing-hong Tang, Da-qing Zhou(63)
Liutex-based vortex control with implications for cavitation suppression
Yi-qian Wang, Hai-dong Yu, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan(74)
Parametric study of Liutex-based force field models
Wei-wen Zhao, Yi-qian Wang, Song-tao Chen, Chun-hui Ma, De-cheng Wan(86)
Numerical and experimental study of internal solitary wave loads on tension leg platforms
Xu Wang, Ji-fu Zhou(93)
Experimental study of droplet behavior in a swirl flow field induced by two kinds of guiding vanes and inlet structure optimization
Shi-ying Shi, Huan-qiang Sun, Li-ming Lin, Cheng-fu Zhang, Jian Zhang(104)
Numerical analysis of fluid flow dynamics around a yawed half-submerged cylinder inside an open channel
M. I. Alamayreh, A. Fenocchi, G. Petaccia, S. Sibilla, E. Persi(111)
Hydrodynamics of Euglena Gracilis during locomotion
Fahrettin Gökhan Ergin(120)
Determination of the shedding frequency of cavitation cloud in a submerged cavitation jet based on high-speed photography images
Chi Peng, Shou-ceng Tian, Gen-sheng Li(127)
Experimental and numerical investigations of cavitation evolution in a high-speed centrifugal pump with inducer
Yu-ying Huan, Yao-yao Liu, Xiao-jun Li, Zu-chao Zhu, Jing-tian Qu, Lin Zhe, An-da Han(140)
Effects of organic matter and salinity on the flocculation of kaolinites in a settling column
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