植被化河道水动力与泥沙输移研究综述

河流是自然界物质循环、能量和信息传输的重要通道、河流的健康发展是一切文明兴盛繁荣的根基。水生植被作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分,具有减缓水流冲刷、保持物种多样性、维持生态廊道、净化水体等多种生态功能。近年来,人工种植的水生植被被作为一种新型的生态调控措施广泛应用于城市河道治理、岸滩防护、生态修复等工程中。水生植被与水流及泥沙之间相互作用机理的研究对河流生态保护具有重要意义,为此成为环境及生态水力学领域的一个热点主题。

 
图1 水生植被
 

本期,我们推荐武汉大学槐文信教授团队与杜克大学Gabriel G. Katul教授于近期在Journal of Hydrodynamics(第33卷第3期)发表的关于“植被化河道中的水动力与泥沙输移特征”的综述文章。
Flow dynamics and sediment transport in vegetated rivers: A review
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-021-0043-7
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编辑导读

 

该文从水生植被作用下的水流结构、床沙起动特征、悬移质与推移质输沙规律,河道形态演变等方面,从实验室尺度到天然河道尺度,翔实地梳理了近年来学界在水生植被作用下的水流结构与泥沙输移问题研究上的进展。

1. 植被化河道的水动力特征

根据水生植被在水生环境中的存在形式,通常可分为挺水植被、淹没植被和漂浮植被。考虑到天然植被几何形态的复杂性,水生植被常被概化成具有均匀直径的刚性圆柱阵列。与无水生植被的明渠流相比,水生植被的存在会显著增大流动阻力。现有研究表明,植被阻力系数的大小受植被密度和茎秆雷诺数影响,其与植被密度成正相关,而与茎秆雷诺数成负相关,且在茎秆雷诺数大于300时,阻力系数数值保持在1左右。对于河段尺度,水生植被所产生的阻力主要与植被群落尺寸和河道宽度之间的比值有关,植被植株几何形态的影响则很小。

对于不同形式水生植被作用下的明渠流动,由于植被阻力作用的空间差异性,其具有不同的水动力特征。文章从三个方面对不同形式植被作用下的水流特征研究作了总结:挺水植被作用下的时均流速和紊动能的垂向分布规律;含淹没和漂浮植被明渠中的植被混合层及紊流尺度;有限植被斑块的尾流特征及其与植被斑块几何参数之间的关系。

 
图2 挺水植被中的流动
 

2. 水生植被作用下的泥沙起动

泥沙的起动规律研究对河道输沙估算和防冲设计至关重要,是河流工程中必须要解决的问题。水生植被的存在使得流场具有很强的空间异质性,对泥沙的起动产生了极其复杂的影响。一方面植被使河道流速减缓、河床切应力减小,从而抑制床沙的运动;另一方面植被茎秆下游的卡门尾涡会导致附加的紊动能产生,增强水流紊动强度,有利于泥沙起动。这使得广泛适用于不含植被明渠的以河床切应力作为控制参数的泥沙起动判别条件无法在植被化明渠中发挥作用。对于植被化河道中泥沙起动的实验研究表明,用临界流速来作为泥沙的起动条件更为合理有效。文章首次对挺水植被和淹没植被影响下的泥沙起动临界流速预测模型进行了总结,包括经验模型和半经验模型,并归纳出不同模型的适用范围。

 
图3植被阻力参数对泥沙起动临界流速的影响
 

3. 植被化河道中的泥沙输移

河道中的泥沙运动形式可分为推移质和悬移质。对于悬移质,输沙率估算的关键在于悬沙浓度的确定。当前对悬沙浓度的研究多基于扩散理论,用泥沙扩散系数来表征水流紊动对悬沙输运的影响。与无植被河道相比,在植被化河道中泥沙扩散系数受植被几何特征等众多因素影响。对于推移质输沙率的估算,现有研究主要基于床面切应力理论和紊动能理论。文章分别对模型植被作用下的悬移质和推移质输沙实验研究进行了回顾,总结了典型的悬沙浓度与泥沙扩散系数垂线分布模型和推移质输沙率公式,并指出不同预测模型的主要优缺点。

 
图4 植被化流动中的泥沙输运
 

4. 泥沙沉积和冲刷特征

河道中泥沙的沉积和冲刷直接影响水生植被的演化过程。植被化河道中,泥沙的沉积和冲刷形态在空间上具有不均匀性。对于含淹没植被的河道,在植被斑块前缘发生冲刷,而在植被区内部及尾部,大量泥沙沉积并形成沙丘。实验研究表明,泥沙沉积形态受水流流速、植被密度、植被刚度,植被分布模式等因素影响。文章总结了不同形式植被作用下的泥沙沉积形态和沉积模式,总体而言,刚性挺水植被由于促淤效果明显,有利于植被斑块扩张;而淹没柔性植被促淤效果较弱,甚至可能发生冲刷,不利于植被的生长。

 
 
图5 植被区内的泥沙冲淤形态
 

5. 植被生长与河道演变的相互作用

河流生态系统中,河流的水动力、河床、岸坡特性影响着植被的分布和演化。同时,植被的生长和演化发展对河流水动力特性、局部河床形态有调整作用。二者之间的相互作用机理十分复杂,目前尚未被完全阐明。如何在时空尺度上对河流形态调整和植被演化生长二者之间进行有效地耦合模拟仍有待进一步研究。本文从三个方面对该问题做了归纳:植被对河道冲淤的调整和植被根系对床质稳定性的增强是影响河道形态演化的关键因素。而河流对植被演化发展的影响主要体现在植被种子输移、植被淹没时长以及植被生长所需营养物质的供给等方面。现有植被生长与河流形态演化动力学模型主要可以分为单向模型和双向耦合模型。同时,近年来有一些仅考虑主要因素的极简模型提出,其可以描述河道与植被相互作用的部分变量之间的定量关系。

6. 文章最后给出几点研究展望

  • 当前研究仍广泛采用刚性圆柱来模化水生植被,不能代表天然真实植被的复杂特征。因此,应采用更贴近天然植被的方式来模化水生植物,为进一步认识天然河道中的物质输运规律提供基础。
  • 现有泥沙输运模型均是经验性或半经验性的,这主要受制于植被区内流速和泥沙浓度同时准确测量的困难。因此,实验测量技术的创新有利于泥沙输运新理论的发展。
  • 如何将基于实验室水槽尺度研究所建立的模型应用于天然河道尺度而不导致严重偏差,需要深入探索二者之间的关系。
  • 复杂地形和水生植被共同作用下的水流结构和泥沙输运亟待进一步研究。
  • 水生植被和河道之间的相互作用需包含水文气象过程和人类活动的影响。
  • 最后,文章指出,对水生植被作用下的水动力特征和泥沙输运的研究是一个多学科的主题,仍是环境及生态水力学的热点研究领域。

作者简介

槐文信,武汉大学水利水电学院二级教授,博士生导师,珞珈杰出学者,国家级有突出贡献中青年专家。主要从事环境流体力学、计算水动力学的研究工作,在污染物扩散输移的基础理论、水环境数学模型、水生植被作用下的水流和泥沙运动特性等方面做过大量的探索性研究,取得一系列重要研究成果。曾获国家科技进步二等奖、湖北省科技进步一等奖、大禹水利科学技术一等奖等奖项。担任Journal of HydrodynamicsJournal of Hydro-environment Research副主编,《水利学报》、《武汉大学学报(工学版)》等期刊编委。

Gabriel G. Katul,杜克大学环境学院杰出教授,土木工程系主任,美国地球物理学会会士,现任Boundary Layer Meteorology副主编。其主要从事自然系统中的紊流研究,侧重建立紊流运动与生物过程之间的联系。

杨中华,武汉大学水利水电学院教授,博士生导师,河流工程系主任,现任IAHR中国分会执行委员、湖北省水力发电工程学会水工水力学专委会副主任委员、Journal of Hydrodynamics编委。曾获大禹水利科技进步一等奖、中国电力科技进步二等奖等奖项。其主要从事环境与生态水力学、计算水动力学等方面的研究。

CONTENTS OF CHINESE JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.36 No.3 2021

Contents

Influence of six small rotating rods on flow characteristics of main cylinder
TU Jia-huang, XIAO Yi-fan, HUANG Lin-xi, et al. (323)
Data-driven prediction of fluid-structure interaction based on CNN model
WANG Chen, XU Tian-yu, XIE Yu-lin, et al. (331)
Local Scour Test under Reciprocating Flow for Offshore Wind Power Single Pile Foundation
XU Si-yuan, ZHANG Jin-feng, LI Ming-xing (340)
Experimental study on wave runup characteristics at honeycomb ecological revetment
ZHANG Zhi-lin, HUANG Ben-sheng, JI Hong-xiang, et al. (347)
Influence of baffle extension angles on flow characteristics of the two-phase micro hydroturbine
SUN Shuai-hui, DONG Yong, GUO Peng-cheng, et al. (355)
Effects of deformation of bubble on its drag coefficient in vortical flow
CAI Ying, LIU Yun-qiao, WANG Ben-long (363)
Impact of sea level rise on saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary
HUANG Guang-wei, KUANG Cui-ping, GU Jie, et al. (370)
Machine learning for hydrodynamic coefficients of ship sections based on neural network
KONG Fan-yu, ZHU Ren-chuan, FAN She-ming (380)
Optimize structure of flocculation area in DENSADEG by numerical simulation
NIU Cong-hui, WANG Jun (388)
Modified Gardner model for propagation of large amplitude internal solitary waves
ZHI Chang-hong, CHEN Ke, YOU Yun-xiang (395)
Numerical investigation on steam condensation of non-condensing gas in double ellipsoid dimples tube
ZHANG Liang, ZHENG Ji-yu, XIONG Wei, et al. (401)
Numerical analysis of propeller bearing force for hull-propeller- rudder system in restricted waters
JI Nan, YANG Chun, WAN De-cheng, et al. (411)
Study on characteristics of shallow water flow through patch of circular cylinders with different diameter
WANG Jian, ZHANG Jing-xin (421)
Numerical investigation on flow characteristics of wake behind finite vegetation patch
JIANG Ya-sai, ZHANG Jing-xin (429)
Velocity distribution of river channel flow with side by side symmetrical vegetation of different densities
CAI Tun, WANG Dan, MI Yun-tong, et al. (439)
Numerical and experimental research on cavitation of accelerating flow in mixed flow pump
ZHOU Qiang, GU Qi, HUANG Ya-dong, et al. (445)
High fidelity implicit large-eddy simulation of tip leakage vortex flows with spectral element method
WANG Zhao-yu, WANG Ben-long, XU Hui (453)
Impacts of coastline changes and sea level rise on tides in the Bohai Sea
LIANG Hui-di, KUANG Cui-ping (462)

CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.33 No.3 2021

CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLE

New fluid kinematics
Chaoqun Liu (395)
 

REVIEW ARTICLE

Flow dynamics and sediment transport in vegetated rivers: A review
Wen-xin Huai, Shuolin Li, Gabriel G. Katul, Meng-yang Liu, Zhong-hua Yang(400)
 

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE 4TH CMHL SYMPOSIUM 2021-SECOND PART (GUEST EDITOR DE-CHENG WAN)

URANS simulations for a free-running container ship: Part 1. Turning-circle
Dong-Hwan Kim, Yugo Sanada, Sungtek Park, Hamid Sadat-Hosseini, Frederick Stern (421)
URANS simulations for a free-running container ship: Part 2. Added power
Dong-Hwan Kim, Yugo Sanada, Hamid Sadat-Hosseini, Frederick Stern (448)
An iterative time-marching scheme for the investigation of hydrodynamic interaction between multi-ships during overtaking
Ming-Xin Li, Zhi-Ming Yuan, Longbin Tao (468)

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE LIUTEX FORCE FIELD MODEL (GUEST EDITOR DE-CHENG WAN)

Liutex force field model applied to three-dimensional flows around a circular cylinder at  Re=3 900
Wei-wen Zhao, Chun-hui Ma, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang (479)
Applications of Liutex-based force field models for cavitation simulation
Min-sheng Zhao, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang (488)
Liutex-based centripetal force field model for improving the resistance and wake performances of JBC ship sailing in calm water
Xin-wang Liu, Song-tao Chen, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang(494)
Vortex tuning of a submarine by Liutex force field model
Liu-shuai Cao, Song-tao Chen, De-cheng Wan, Yi-qian Wang.(503)

ARTICLES

Vortex-induced vibration response of a circular cylinder surrounded with small rods
Liang-bin Xu, Sheng-ping Liang, Zhong-ming Hu, Zheng-li Liu, Jia-song Wang(510)
Improvement of the SST γ-Reθt transition model for flows along a curved hydrofoil
Chang-liang Ye, Chao-yue Wang, Dan Zi, Yuan Tang, Bart. P. M. van Esch, Fu-jun Wang(520)
Suppression of vortex rope oscillation and pressure vibrations in Francis turbine draft tube using various strategies
Lei Zhu, Rui-zhi Zhang, An Yu, Li Lu, Xian-wu Luo (534)
Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic cavitating flow structures and their corresponding erosion
Amirhossein Mohammadkhani, Mansour Alizadeh (546)
Investigations on vortex structures for undulating fin propulsion using phase-locked digital particle image velocimetry
Ya-qiang Bai, Jun Zhang, Shu-cheng Zhai, Guo-ping Zhang (572)
3-D CFD simulation of transients in multiple pump system with some pumps being stopped
Yue-fei Liu, Jian-xu Zhou, Qiang Guo, Ai-li Shen, Jian Zhang (583)
Resistance of the flow over rough surfaces
Yu Han, Shi-yu Wang, Jian Chen, Shuqing Yang, Liu-chao Qiu, Nadeesha Dharmasiri (593)
Numerical study of nonlinear interactions of bi-chromatic progressive deep- water waves
Jian-jian Xie, Yu-xiang Ma, Guo-hai Dong, Xiao-zhou Ma (602)
Drag reduction and hairpin packets of the turbulent boundary layer over the superhydrophobic-riblets surface
Xin-wei Wang, Zi-ye Fan, Zhan-qi Tang, Nan Jiang (621)
Identifying the turbulent flow developing inside and around the bottom trawl by Electromagnetic Current Velocity Meter approach in the flume tank
Nyatchouba Nsangue Bruno Thierry, Hao Tang, Liu-xiong Xu, Fuxiang Hu, Xinxing You,Micah Adekunle David, Njomoue Pandong Achille (636)
 
 

CONTENTS OF CHINESE JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.36 No.2 2021

Contents

Study on tip vortex characteristics of propeller in confined water
JI Nan, YANG Chun, WAN De-cheng, et al. (153)
Analysis of wave impact pressure distribution and stress spectrum in the splash zone of offshore pier columns
CHANG Liu-hong, XU Bin, SUN Wen-shuo, et al. (163)
Study on the characteristics of underwater salvo load considering  transverse flow
BI Feng-yang, ZHAO Shi-ping, LU Bing-ju, et al. (173)
Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics of solitary wave over permeable fringing reef
LIU Tie-wei, QU Ke, HUANG Jing-xuan, et al. (180)
Numerical simulation of dynamic PMM test and method of obtaining linear derivatives
HU Fang-lin, FENG Kang-jia, Ma Xiang-neng (192)
Analysis of annual maximum tidal range in Hangzhou Bay
PAN Cun-hong, ZHENG Jun, ZENG Jian, et al. (201)
Experimental study on the ground effect and flow field structure of wing near the curved surface
ZHANG Hai-chao, Daichin (210)
Direct numerical simulations on flow normal to a triangular plate with curved edges
WANG Huai-cheng, ZHAO Ya-kun, LI Jun (221)
Numerical simulation of Wave Elevation around fixed Vertical Cylinder Based on HOS-CFD
HAN Bo, ZHAO Wei-wen, WAN De-cheng (228)
Numerical simulation of three-dimensional dam break flow in channel with sharp bend based on GPU accelerated MPS method
LU Yi-hao, ZHAO Wei-wen, WAN De-cheng (237)
Simulation of twin-cylinder water entry process based on overset grid method
XIE Lu-yi, CAO Liu-shuai, WAN De-cheng (244)
Criterion for stability of suspension-fluid mud stratified flow
WEN Zhi-chao, XU Hai-jue, BAI Yu-chuan (252)
Influence of the diameter ratio between the inflow arteries of ACoA aneurysm on the characteristics of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics
DAI Yu-chen, LIANG Fu-you (265)
Advances on the geysers in storage tunnel system
WANG Xiao-sheng, QIAN Shang-tuo, CHEN Yao-hui, et al. (273)
Empirical formula of hydrodynamic loads on submerged plate under action of solitary waves
YANG Kai-en, WANG Qian, LIU Hua (288)
Numerical simulation and analysis of influence of platform sway and surge on vortex induced vibration of riser under uniform inflow
ZHANG Yu-qi, Deng Di, WAN De-cheng (295)
Semi-implicit method for the simulation of compressible cavitating flows
SHEN Yi-zhe, LIU Yun-qiao, WANG Ben-long (303)
Study of the heave and roll motions of docked container ship
HAN Jian, ZHANG Xin-shu (312)

CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS Vol.33 No.2 2021

CONTENTS

SPECIAL COLUMN ON THE 4TH CMHL SYMPOSIUM 2021
(GUEST EDITOR DE-CHENG WAN)

Numerical simulation of dam break flow impact on vertical cylinder by cumulant lattice Boltzmann method
Seiya Watanabe, Shintaro Fujisaki, Changhong Hu (185)
A CAD-compatible body-fitted particle generator for arbitrarily complex geometry and its application to wave-structure interaction
Yujie Zhu, Chi Zhang, Yongchuan Yu, Xiangyu Hu (195)
Vortical structures and wakes of a sphere in homogeneous and density stratified fluid
Liu-shuai Cao, Feng-lai Huang, Cheng Liu, De-cheng Wan (207)
Simulation annealing diagnosis algorithm method for optimized forecast of the dynamic response of floating offshore wind turbines
Peng Chen, Lei Song, Jia-hao Chen, Zhiqiang Hu(216)

REVIEW ARTICLE

A review of cavitation in tip-leakage flow and its control
Huai-yu Cheng, Bin Ji, Xin-ping Long, Wen-xin Huai, Mohamed Farhat (226)

ARTICLES

A thermal-hydrodynamic coupling method for simulating the interplay between bubble departure and wall temperature variation in nucleate boiling
Feng Pan, Li-zhong Mu, Ying He, Chao-jie Wang, Shi-xiong Zhou (243)
Application of Omega vortex identification method in cavity buffeting noise
Yang-hui Zhang, Xing-jun Hu, Wei Lan, Yi-chen Liu, Mo Wang, Jing-yu Wang (259)
The research on floe ice force acting on the “Xue Long” icebreaker based on synthetic ice test and virtual mass numerical method
Wei Guo, Qiao-sheng Zhao, Yu-kui Tian, Wan-chao Zhang (271)
Master equation, design equations and runaway speed of the Kaplan turbine
Zh. Zhang (282)
Experimental investigation of the flow-induced motion of a square-section cylinder
Alireza Modir, Amirhossein Mohammadkhani, Hamed Ahani (301)
Numerical investigation of the interactions between a laser-generated bubble and a particle near a solid wall
Jian-yong Yin, Yong-xue Zhang, Jian-jun Zhu, Liang LÜ, Shi-da Li (311)
Numerical examination of wave power absorption by the Edinburgh Duck wave energy converter device
Shu Li, Bin Teng (323)
A volume of fluid simulation of the steady deformation and the drag of a single droplet in a flowing gas
Zhi-bin Wang, Zhong-wei Yang, Lie-jin Guo, Ren-jie Zhao (334)
Numerical studies of the hydrodynamic damping of a vibrating hydrofoil in torsional mode
Yong-shun Zeng, Zhi-feng Yao, Biao Huang, Fu-jun Wang, Qin Wu, Ruo-fu Xiao, Guo-yu Wang (347)
Numerical investigation of the ship propeller load under reversed propulsion condition
Xiang Fan, Jin-jing Tang, Yu-xin Zhang, Hai-su Sun, Yi-qing Gu, Jing-xin Zhang (361)
Sediment bed destabilization by an isolated vortex: an experimental approach
Yann Devaux, Lionel Thomas, Damien Calluaud, Gérard Pineau (370)

LETTERS

Investigation of the sediment transport capacity in vegetated open channel flow
Wen-xin Huai, Xiang Wang, Yakun Guo, Zhao-hua Sun, Zhong-hua Yang (386)
Compound jet generated from an impacted concave dual-layer liquid surface
Xiang-gang Cheng, Xiao-peng Chen(390)